Scientific articles

Adaptogens & Nootropics

Pharmacology of adaptogen networks in the evaluation of their pleiotropic therapeutic activity

Malík M, Tlustoš P. Nootropics as Cognitive Enhancers: Types, Dosage and Side Effects of Smart Drugs. Nutrients. 2022 Aug 17;14(16):3367. doi:10.3390/nu14163367. PMID: 36014874; PMCID: PMC9415189. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9415189/pdf/nutrients-14-03367.pdf

Nootropics as Cognitive Enhancers: Types, Dosage, and Side Effects of Smart Drugs

Malík M, Tlustoš P. Nootropics as Cognitive Enhancers: Types, Dosage and Side Effects of Smart Drugs. Nutrients. 2022 Aug 17;14(16):3367. doi:10.3390/nu14163367. PMID: 36014874; PMCID: PMC9415189. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9415189/pdf/nutrients-14-03367.pdf

Dangers of certain medications

Cardiac risk assessment before the use of stimulant medications in children and young people

Bélanger SA, Warren AE, Hamilton RM, Gray C, Gow RM, Sanatani S, Côté JM, Frcpc JL, Leblanc J, Martin S, Miles B, Mitchell C, Gorman DA, Weiss M, Schachar R. Cardiac risk assessment before the use of stimulant medications in children and youth. Pediatrician Child Health. 2009 Nov;14(9):579-92. doi: 10.1093/pch/14.9.579. PMID: 21037835; PMCID: PMC2806076. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2806076/pdf/pch14579.pdf

Long-term studies of treatments for type 2 diabetes

Caballero, A.E. (2017). Long-term studies of treatments for type 2 diabetes. Postgraduate Medicine, 129(3), 352–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2017.1265417

Neurodegenerative disorders: assessing the impact of natural or drug treatment options

Mathur S, Gawas C, Ahmad IZ, Wani M, Tabassum H. Neurodegenerative disorders: Assessing the impact of natural vs drug-induced treatment options. Aging Med (Milton). 2023 Feb 22;6(1):82-97. doi:10.1002/agm2.12243. PMID: 36911087; PMCID: PMC10000287. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000287/pdf/AGM2-6-82.pdf

Folate (B9)

Folate and Neural Tube Defects: The Role of Supplements and Food Fortification

Ami N, Bernstein M, Boucher F, Rieder M, Parker L; Canadian Pediatric Society, Drug Therapy and Hazardous Substances Committee. Folate and neural tube defects: The role of supplements and food fortification. Pediatrician Child Health. 2016 Apr;21(3):145-54. doi: 10.1093/pch/21.3.145. PMID: 27398055; PMCID: PMC4933077. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4933077/pdf/pch-21-145.pdf

Active folate versus folic acid: the role of 5-MTHF (methylfolate) in human health

Carboni L. Active Folate Versus Folic Acid: The Role of 5-MTHF (Methylfolate) in Human Health. Integrative Medicine (Encinitas, Calif.). 2022 Jul;21(3):36-41. PMID: 35999905; PMCID: PMC9380836. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9380836/pdf/imcj-21-36.pdf

Effects of multivitamin supplementation on diurnal cortisol secretion and perceived stress

Camfield DA, Wetherell MA, Scholey AB, Cox KH, Fogg E, White DJ, Sarris J, Kras M, Stough C, Sali A, Pipingas A. The effects of multivitamin supplementation on diurnal cortisol secretion and perceived stress. Nutrients. 2013 Nov 11;5(11):4429-50. doi:10.3390/nu5114429. PMID: 24284609; PMCID: PMC3847740. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3847740/pdf/nutrients-05-04429.pdf

Essential Oils – Calming Effects

Citrus essential oils in aromatherapy: Therapeutic effects and mechanisms.

Agarwal P, Sebghatollahi Z, Kamal M, Dhyani A, Shrivastava A, Singh KK, Sinha M, Mahato N, Mishra AK, Baek KH. Citrus Essential Oils in Aromatherapy: Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Nov 30;11(12):2374. doi:10.3390/antiox11122374. PMID: 36552586; PMCID: PMC9774566. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9774566/pdf/antioxidants-11-02374.pdf

Clinical Aromatherapy

Farrar AJ, Farrar FC. Clinical Aromatherapy. Nurs Clin North Am. 2020 Dec;55(4):489-504. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2020.06.015. Epub 2020 Sep 28. PMID: 33131627; PMCID: PMC7520654.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7520654/pdf/main.pdf

Effectiveness of aromatherapy on dental anxiety: A systematic review of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials

Cai H, Xi P, Zhong L, Chen J, Liang X. Efficacy of aromatherapy on dental anxiety: A systematic review of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials. Oral Dis. 2021 May;27(4):829-847. doi:10.1111/odi.13346. Epub 2020 May 26. PMID: 32267044. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/odi.13346

Anxiolytic effect of Citrus aurantium L. on patients with chronic myeloid leukemia

Pimenta FC, Alves MF, Pimenta MB, Melo SA, de Almeida AA, Leite JR, Pordeus LC, Diniz Mde F, de Almeida RN. Anxiolytic Effect of Citrus aurantium L. on Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Phytother Res. 2016 Apr;30(4):613-7. doi:10.1002/ptr.5566. Epub 2016 Jan 20. PMID: 26787366. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.5566

The Effectiveness of Neroli Essential Oil in Relieving Anxiety and Perceived Pain in Women During Labor: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Scandurra C, Mezzalira S, Cutillo S, Zapparella R, Statti G, Maldonato NM, Locci M, Bochicchio V. The Effectiveness of Neroli Essential Oil in Relieving Anxiety and Perceived Pain in Women During Labor: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Feb 14;10(2):366. doi:10.3390/healthcare10020366. PMID: 35206980; PMCID: PMC8871902. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8871902/pdf/healthcare-10-00366.pdf

Magnesium

Magnesium and osteoporosis

Magnesium supplementation may reduce bone loss in postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis.

Trabecular bone density in a two-year controlled trial of peroral magnesium in osteoporosis

Stendig-Lindberg G, Tepper R, Leichter I. Trabecular bone density in a two year controlled trial of peroral magnesium in osteoporosis. Magnes Res 1993;6:155-63. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8274361/

Short-term oral magnesium supplementation suppresses bone turnover in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

Aydin, H., Deyneli, O., Yavuz, D., Gozu, H., Mutlu, N., Kaygusuz, I., and Akalin, S. Short-term oral magnesium supplementation suppresses bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Biol.Trace Elem.Res 2010;133(2):136-143. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12011-009-8416-8

Magnesium and muscle cramps

Clinical data do NOT show a major beneficial effect for magnesium supplementation in people (especially older) suffering from muscle cramps (pregnant women, night cramps).

Effect of magnesium therapy on nocturnal leg cramps: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials with meta-analysis using simulations

Sebo P, Cerutti B, Haller DM. Effect of magnesium therapy on nocturnal leg cramps: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials with meta-analysis using simulations. Fam Pract 2014;31(1):7-19. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24280947/

Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps

Garrison SR, Korownyk CS, Kolber MR, et al. Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;9:CD009402. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8094171/pdf/CD009402.pdf

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study evaluating the efficacy of magnesium oxide monohydrate in the treatment of nocturnal leg cramps

Barna O, Lohoida P, Holovchenko Y, Bazylevych A, Velychko V, Hovbakh I, Bula L, Shechter M. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study assessing the efficacy of magnesium oxide monohydrate in the treatment of nocturnal leg cramps. Nutr J. 2021 Oct 31;20(1):90. doi:10.1186/s12937-021-00747-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8559389/pdf/12937_2021_Article_747.pdf

Magnesium and premenstrual syndrome

Magnesium supplements can help reduce water retention and symptoms of mood swings (in combination with vitamin B6) or migraines associated with PMS.

Oral magnesium successfully relieves premenstrual mood swings

Facchinetti F, Borella P, Sances G, et al. Oral magnesium successfully relieves premenstrual mood changes. Obstet Gynecol 1991;78:177-81. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2067759/

Magnesium supplementation relieves premenstrual symptoms of water retention

Walker AF, De Souza MC, Vickers MF, et al. Magnesium supplementation alleviates premenstrual symptoms of fluid retention. J Womens Health 1998;7:1157-65. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9861593/

The potential of dietary supplements to reduce symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Bendich A. The potential for dietary supplements to reduce premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms. J Am Coll Nutrition 2000;19:3-12. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07315724.2000.10718907

Magnesium in gynecological practice: a literature review

Parazzini F, Di Martino M, Pellegrino P. Magnesium in the gynecological practice: a literature review. Magnes Res. 2017 Feb 1;30(1):1-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28392498/

Magnesium and sleep

Magnesium alone does not appear to have a major effect on sleep, but it is included in several formulations that promote sleep.

Nutritional modulation of sleep latency, duration, and efficiency: a randomized, repeated-measures, double-blind deception study

Langan-Evans C, Hearris MA, Gallagher C, Long S, Thomas C, Moss AD, Cheung W, Howatson G, Morton JP. Nutritional Modulation of Sleep Latency, Duration, and Efficiency: A Randomized, Repeated-Measures, Double-Blind Deception Study. Med Sci Sports Exercise 2023 Feb 1;55(2):289-300. https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/fulltext/2023/02000/nutritional_modulation_of_sleep_latency,_duration,.16.aspx

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study evaluating the efficacy of magnesium oxide monohydrate in the treatment of nocturnal leg cramps

Barna O, Lohoida P, Holovchenko Y, Bazylevych A, Velychko V, Hovbakh I, Bula L, Shechter M. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study assessing the efficacy of magnesium oxide monohydrate in the treatment of nocturnal leg cramps. Nutr J. 2021 Oct 31;20(1):90. doi:10.1186/s12937-021-00747-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8559389/pdf/12937_2021_Article_747.pdf

Magnesium and metabolic diseases

Magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in diabetics.

^{Magnesium in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes}

Piuri G, Zocchi M, Della Porta M, Ficara V, Manoni M, Zuccotti GV, Pinotti L, Maier JA, Cazzola R. Magnesium in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients. 2021 Jan 22;13(2):320. doi:10.3390/nu13020320. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7912442/pdf/nutrients-13-00320.pdf

The effects of oral magnesium supplementation on glycemic response in type 2 diabetic patients

ELDerawi WA, Naser IA, Taleb MH, Abutair AS. The Effects of Oral Magnesium Supplementation on Glycemic Response among Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Nutrients. 2018 Dec 26;11(1):44. doi:10.3390/nu11010044. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6356710/pdf/nutrients-11-00044.pdf

Magnesium – bioavailability

Organic magnesium salts (e.g. magnesium citrate) are more soluble and better absorbed than inorganic salts (e.g. magnesium oxide).

Bioavailability of magnesium from magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide

Lindberg JS, Zobitz MM, Poindexter JR, Pak CY Magnesium bioavailability from magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide. .J Am Coll Nutr. 1990 Feb;9(1):48-55. doi:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720349. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07315724.1990.10720349

Evaluation of magnesium bioavailability from magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide by measuring urinary excretion in magnesium-saturated subjects

Werner T, Kolisek M, Vormann J, Pilchova I, Grendar M, Struharnanska E, Cibulka M. Assessment of bioavailability of Mg from Mg citrate and Mg oxide by measuring urinary excretion in Mg-saturated subjects. Magnes Res. 2019 Aug 1;32(3):63-71. doi: 10.1684/mrh.2019.0457. https://www.jle.com/en/recherche/recherche.phtml?code_type_doc=article

Sauna

Effect of water filtration infrared sauna on inorganic ions excreted by sweat from human body

Cho KH, Jung SH, Choi MS, Jung YJ, Lee CG, Choi NC. Effect of water filtration infrared-A (wIRA) sauna on inorganic ions excreted through sweat from the human body. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Feb;30(7):18260-18267. doi:10.1007/s11356-022-23437-3. Epub 2022 Oct 8. PMID: 36207634; PMCID: PMC9546416. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9546416/pdf/11356_2022_Article_23437.pdf

Cardiovascular and other health benefits of sauna use: a review of the evidence

Laukkanen JA, Laukkanen T, Kunutsor SK. Cardiovascular and Other Health Benefits of Sauna Bathing: A Review of the Evidence. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018 Aug;93(8):1111-1121. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.04.008. PMID: 30077204. https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(18)30275-1/fulltext

Using sauna as a lifestyle to extend healthy life expectancy

Patrick RP, Johnson TL. Sauna use as a lifestyle practice to extend health span. Exp Gerontol. 2021 Oct 15;154:111509. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111509. Epub 2021 Aug 5. PMID: 34363927. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556521002916?via%3Dihub

Sauna bathing and hypertension: A cohort study

Francesco Zaccardi, Tanjaniina Laukkanen, Peter Willeit, Setor K Kunutsor, Jussi Kauhanen, Jari A Laukkanen, Sauna Bathing and Incident Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study, American Journal of Hypertension, Volume 30, Issue 11, November 2017, Pages 1120–1125, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpx102

Association between sauna bathing and fatal cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality

Laukkanen T, Khan H, Zaccardi F, Laukkanen JA. Association Between Sauna Bathing and Fatal Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality Events. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(4):542–548. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8187 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2130724

Heat shock response during inflammation resolution and its progressive suppression in chronic inflammatory-degenerative diseases

Schroeder HT, De Lemos Muller CH, Heck TG, Krause M, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Heat shock response during the resolution of inflammation and its progressive suppression in chronic-degenerative inflammatory diseases. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2024 Feb;29(1):116-142. doi: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.01.002. Epub 2024 Jan 19. PMID: 38244765; PMCID: PMC10939074. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10939074/pdf/main.pdf

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Maison Jacynthe disclaims all liability. All information contained in this article is not intended to replace justified allopathic treatment or disregard the expertise of the medical profession. It is up to each individual to take charge of their own health, to inform themselves, and to make the necessary changes to improve their condition. Therapeutic supervision by a qualified healthcare professional is strongly recommended.